Effects of Heating on Exercise Pressor Reflex in Peripheral Artery Disease: Exercise Ability

Inclusion Criteria: All subjects * Capable of giving informed consent * Any race or ethnicity * Men and women age 21- 85 years (inclusive) * Fluent in written and spoken English Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) * Diagnosed with PAD (i.e., ankle-brachial index below 0.9) * Fontaine stage II or less - no pain while resting * Satisfactory history and physical exam Healthy subjects * Satisfactory history and physical examination * Free of acute medical conditions Exclusion Criteria: For patients with PAD and Healthy subjects * Age \< 21 years * Pregnant or nursing women * Decisional impairment * Prisoners For patients with PAD * History of CAD with symptoms of unstable angina or myocardial infarction (\<6 months) * History of epilepsy or seizure disorders For healthy subjects • Any other chronic diseases (heart, lung, neuromuscular disease or diabetes)