Preventing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Pediatric Patients

Inclusion Criteria: Cohort 1 * All children undergoing open heart surgery for congenital heart defects with or without circulatory arrest * Neonates (\<28 days old) and infants (\<1 years of age) * Hypoplastic L heart syndrome or its variants. * Coarctation with aortic arch hypoplasia. * Interrupted aortic arch. * TAPVR (Total anomalous pulmonary venous return) * Patients with complex congenital heart defects Cohort 2: * Orthotopic heart transplantation patients. * Patients ≤ 18 years of age * Congenital heart defects * Cardiomyopathy (Dilated/Hypertrophic/Restrictive/Left Ventricular Non-compaction) Exclusion Criteria: * Children under the age of 12 months undergoing bypass for any condition that is not categorized as congenital heart defect * History of seizures * History of significant tachyarrhythmia.