Effectiveness and Safety of Korean Medicine for Low Back Pain or Sciatica Due to Lumbar Stenosis/Spondylolisthesis

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with radiating leg pain or low back pain (LBP) intensity of NRS ≥5 * Patients diagnosed with lumbar stenosis based on dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA) of \<100 mm2 or morphological grading ≥B as assessed on MRI; or patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylolisthesis based on Meyerding Grade Ⅱ or higher as assessed on X-ray * Clear neurogenic claudication symptoms (symptoms aggravated with walking, and alleviated upon resting in lumbar flexion position), if lumbar stenosis patient * Patients with plans of receiving Korean medicine treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis for ≥4 months * Patients who have agreed to study participation Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with vascular claudication * Patients with other systemic diseases that may interfere with treatment effect or outcome interpretation * Patients with soft tissue pathologies or pathologies of non-spinal origin that may cause LBP or radiating leg pain (e.g. spinal tumor, rheumatoid arthritis) * Patients for whom acupuncture treatment may be inappropriate or unsafe (e.g. hemorrhagic diseases, blood clotting disorders, history of anti-coagulation medicine intake, serious diabetes with risk of infection, severe cardiovascular diseases, or other conditions deemed unsuitable for acupuncture treatment) * Patients with medical history of spinal surgery within the past 3 months * Patients who were treated with invasive interventions such as Korean medicine treatment, injections, physical therap…