While thoracic epidural could control incisional pain after thoracotomy, an excruciating ipsilateral shoulder pain happens post thoracotomy and could affect up to 85% of thoracotomy patients. It is often difficult to manage and relatively resistant to opioids. The investigators postulate that in the presence of a functioning thoracic epidural, intrapleural bupivacaine administered through the chest tube could be effective in reducing post thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain.
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