Ureteral Stent Placement After Ureteroscopy for Renal Stones: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Inclusion Criteria: * nonobstructing renal stone 1.5cm total stone diameter (if multiple stones, then sum of maximum diameters) or less undergoing ureteroscopy Exclusion Criteria: * age \< 18 years * pregnancy status * ureteral stone * preoperative hydronephrosis * indwelling nephrostomy tube * planning bilateral ureteroscopy or subsequent staged ureteroscopy * solitary kidney or eGFR \<60 mL/min (CKD stage 3 or greater) * variant anatomy including horseshoe kidney, pelvic kidney, prior urinary tract reconstruction