1. To establish doctor-nurse-patient cooperative analgesic linkage program. 2. Evaluate the effect of doctor-nurse-patient cooperative analgesic linkage program on movement evoked pain after laparotomy for patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease through quasi-experimental study.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
movement evoked pain (Numerical rating scale)
Timeframe: Each rehabilitation within 3 days after surgery
pain at rest (Numerical rating scale)
Timeframe: Each rehabilitation within 3 days after surgery