TAK-243 in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Increased Blasts

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of AML or MDS with increased blasts (MDS-IB) assessed by local laboratory review according to the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for myeloid neoplasms. Both patients with MDS-IB1 (5-9% bone marrow blasts) and MDS-IB2 (10-19% bone marrow blasts) are eligible. * Patients must have relapsed or refractory disease after receiving at least one prior line of therapy * AML-specific inclusion criteria: Patients with relapsed or refractory AML with \>= 5% bone marrow blasts after receiving at least two courses of intensive induction chemotherapy (including, but not limited to, 7+3 regimen, fludarabine, cytarabine, idarubicin and filgrastim \[FLAG-Ida\] and mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine \[MEC\]) or 2 cycles of venetoclax-based lower intensity regimen (azacitidine plus venetoclax or low-dose cytarabine plus venetoclax), and without any other approved therapies available that would be more appropriate in the investigator's judgment. Patients who have received only one course of intensive induction chemotherapy but are not eligible for a second course because of decreased performance status or clear disease progression may be eligible for participation after discussion with the study principal investigator (PI). Patients with concomitant extramedullary disease relapse are eligible to participate, but not patients with isolated extramedullary relapse without bone marrow disease. * MDS-specific inclusion criteria: Patients with relaps…