CB-839 HCl in Combination With Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must have relapsed and/or refractory myeloma and be experiencing disease relapse * Patients must have measurable disease by International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria (any of the following): * Serum M-protein \>= 0.5 g/dL or for IgA myeloma, an elevated IgA level by quantitative IgA nephelometry * Urine M-protein \>= 200 mg in a 24-hour collection * Serum free light chain level \>= 10 mg/dL with an abnormal free light chain ratio * Measurable plasmacytoma by cross sectional imaging (computed tomography \[CT\], magnetic resonance imaging \[MRI\] or \[18F\]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with CT \[FDG PET/CT\]) * 20% or more light chain restricted, clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow * At least two prior lines of therapy and all patients should have at least been exposed to a proteasome inhibitor (PI), an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), and an anti-CD38 antibody * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 2 (Karnofsky \>= 60%) * Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,000 cells/mm3 without growth factors (within 14 days of enrollment) * Hemoglobin \>= 8 g/dL (within 14 days of enrollment) * Platelets \>= 50,000 cells/mm3 (\>= 30,000 cells/mm3 if bone marrow plasma cells \>= 50% at enrollment) * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (seru…