The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of therapeutic exercise and nutrition intervention for sarcopenia and risk of falls in patients with major chronic diseases. The outcomes will be analyzed regarding muscle strength, quality, and volume, etc., balance and gait, bone density, body composition, fall and quality of life after the intervention.
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Change of walking speed
Timeframe: baseline: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of grip force
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of postural sway displacement
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of postural sway velocity
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of postural sway area
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of step time
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of stance time
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of swing time
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of single support time
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of double support time
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of step length
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of stance length
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of muscle thickness
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of muscle fiber length
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of muscle fiber orientation angle
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of muscle cross section area
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of physiological cost index (PCI)
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of international Quality of Life Assessment Short Form -36 (SF-36)
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention
Change of amplitude of Muscle activity
Timeframe: before intervention; follow-up: 3 months after intervention