Impact of Whey and Leucine on Glycaemia in Adults Without Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: * BMI 20-35 kg/m2 * HbA1c (5.7 - 6.5%) or (38.8 - 47.5 mmol/mol) * Fasting glucose 5.5-6.9 mmol/l * Fasting total cholesterol \<7.5mmol/l * Fasting triacylglycerol \<4.0 mmol/l * Not having a milk, gluten or wheat allergy or lactose intolerability * Not having diabetes (HbA1c \< 47 mmol/mol) or \< 6.5% * Not suffering from cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, endocrine or liver disease * Not having hypertension * Not diagnosed with cancer * Not having surgery in the previous 6 months * Not consuming more than the recommended intake of alcohol (\>14 unit/wk) * Not being a blood donor 3 months prior to or during the study. * Not taking extra protein powder supplements in the previous 2 months * Not anaemic (Haemoglobin ≥115 g/l for women and ≥ 130 g/l for men) * Not taking medication for raised blood lipids, high blood pressure or for inflammatory conditions. Exclusion Criteria: • Females who are breast-feeding, may be pregnant, or if of child-bearing potential and are not using effective contraceptive precautions