Early LA Venting During Venoaterial ECMO Support

Inclusion Criteria: * Subject was \> 18 years of age. * Subjects who underwent successful VA-ECMO support * Subjects with refractory cardiogenic shock who had pulmonary edema confirmed by chest X ray or lung sonogram. * The patient or guardian agrees to the study protocol and the schedule of clinical follow-up, and provides informed, written consent, as approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board/Ethical Committee of the respective clinical site. Exclusion Criteria: * subject was \<80 years of age * Pregnant and/or lactate women * Subjects who underwent VA-ECMO after recent open heart surgery * Subjects who underwent VA-ECMO after non-cardiogenic arrest(trauma, hypothermia, submersion, drug overdose, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage etc) * Severe bleeding tendency * Terminal malignancy * Known severe irreversible brain damage * Subject was unable to provide written informed consent or participate.