Personalised Medicine in Pre-diabetes and Early Type 2 Diabetes

Inclusion criteria: * Individuals with pre-diabetes or newly-diagnosed (in the last 6 months) with type 2 diabetes, fulfilling the following criteria: * Impaired fasting glucose (IFG, plasma glucose \[PG\]- 5.6 - 6.9 mmol/L, ±0.2 mmol/L) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, 2-h PG 7.8 - 11.0 mmol/L, ±0.2 mmol/L) with or without elevated HbA1c (up to 8.0 %). * Willingness to provide written informed consent and willingness to participate and comply with the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Females planning a pregnancy during the course of the research or 3 months after completion of the research project. * Patients with type 1 diabetes, chronically active inflammatory disease, neoplastic disease in the previous 3 years, chronic gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease or celiac. * Liver enzymes ALT and/or AST\>3-times normal range limit. * Abnormal renal function as measured by (eGFR\<45 mL/min/1.73m\^2). * Individuals with a history of a psychological illness or condition that may interfere with the individual's ability to understand the requirements of the study. * Normo-glycaemia. * HbA1c\>8.0% * Cardiovascular event in the previous 6 months. * Current or recent (within 24 months) treatment with a glucose lowering medication (i.e. GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2 inhibitor, thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea, DPP-4 inhibitor or insulin). * Current or recent (within 3 months) treatment with metformin. * Treatment with an oral steroid. * Treatment with ant…