Exploratory Study to Explore the Safety and Efficacy of the HDx Therapy Using Theranova 500 Dialyzer in Comparison to Hemodiafiltration

Inclusion Criteria: * ESRD patients age between 18 - 80 years * Clinically stable as judged by the treating physician for 30 days prior to enrollment, as demonstrated by pertinent patient medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing * Hemodialysis therapy with HDF for at least 3 months immediately prior to study enrollment Exclusion Criteria: * No informed consent provided * Significant psychiatric disorder, mental disability, or other condition that may interfere with the patient's ability to provide informed consent * Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant * Unstable vascular access associated with risk of low and variable extracorporeal blood flow rate (QB) * Chronic liver disease, known paraprotein-associated disease, known bleeding disorders (e.g., gastrointestinal bleed, colonic polyps, small bowel angiodysplasia and active peptic ulcers) * Major bleeding episode (i.e. soft tissue bleeding, blood in stool, joint damage, retinal bleeding, extensive mucosal bleeding, exsanguination, cerebral hemorrhage) ≤ 12 weeks prior to enrollment * Blood (red blood cell) transfusion ≤ 12 weeks prior to enrollment * Clinical signs of acute infection ≤ 4 weeks prior to enrollment * Active cancer, except for basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer * Positive serology test for human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis infection * Scheduled for planned interventions requiring hospitalization \> 1 week * Scheduled for living-donor transplantation within …