The Influence of Bone Allograft Particle Sizes on the Quantity and Quality of New Bone Formation in Grafted Extraction Sockets and Edentulous Ridges

Inclusion Criteria: * English speaking * At least 18 years old * Must be a patient of the UAB Dental School * Able to read and understand informed consent document * Need for implants to replace missing tooth or teeth in at least one quadrant of the mouth. * Hopeless tooth or teeth planned to be replaced with dental implant(s)\_socket with residual 4 walls following minimally invasive tooth extraction (a dehiscence of \<3mm may be included) or insufficient alveolar ridge width for endosseous implant placement defined as 5mm or less as determined by bone sounding and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. * Patient and/or guardian is willing and able to comply with the preoperative and postoperative diagnostic and clinical evaluations required. Exclusion Criteria: * Non-English speaking * Less than 18 years old * Smokers/tobacco users (\>10 cigarettes/day) * Patients with systemic pathologies or conditions contraindicating oral surgical procedures or adversely affecting wound healing * Patients with significant medical conditions or habits expected to interfere with bony healing. * Patient is a poor compliance risk (i.e., poor oral hygiene, history of alcohol or drug abuse) * Bone dehiscence of \>4mm following tooth extraction or Vertical loss of bone at edentulous ridge