Effect of Micro-osteoperforation on the Rate of Canine Retraction

Inclusion Criteria: * Malocclusion that requires bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars and canine retraction with maximum anchorage; Class II division 1 and bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion cases. * Full permanent dentition with exception of the third molars. * Good oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Exclusion Criteria: * Medically compromised patients. * Patients suffering from any congenital, hereditary or systemic diseases. * Chronic use of any medications affecting orthodontic tooth movement (e.g. corticosteroids, hormonal therapy, NSAIDs) * Patients with dental anomalies (e.g. enamel hypoplasia, root dilacerations in maxillary canines). * Patients with medical conditions that contraindicate surgeries (e.g. bleeding tendency and immunocompromised patients). * Radiographic evidence of bone loss.