Central Nervous System Amplification in Lumbar Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria For All Participants: * Ability to read and speak English to allow for written informed consent, phenotyping, and patient-reported outcomes measures Exclusion Criteria For All Participants: * Individuals receiving or applying for compensation or disability and other aspects associated with potential secondary gain * Inability to provide written informed consent * Severe physical impairment * Co-morbid medical conditions that may significantly impair physical functional status * Illicit drug or unreported opioid use * Medical or psychiatric conditions that in the judgment of study personnel would preclude participation in this study * Pregnant or nursing * Liver failure * Self-reported liver cirrhosis * Self-reported hepatitis * Severe Cardiovascular disease Inclusion Criteria for Candidates for Lumbar Spine Surgery: * Deemed to be a candidate for primary lumbar spine surgery including but not limited to: lumbar laminectomy, discectomy, and fusion/instrumentation * Diagnostic clinical and radiographic findings including but not limited to: lumbar degenerative disc disease, lumbar disc protrusion, herniation, or extrusion, lumbar spondylosis, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis or spondylolysis * Willingness to participate in longitudinal follow-up or 6-months after their surgery. Exclusion Criteria for Candidates for Lumbar Spine Surgery: * History of previous lumbar spine surgery * Indication for lumbar spine surgery is due to spinal can…