Complement-activating Anti-human Leucocyte Antigen Donor Specific Antibodies in Solid Organ Transplantation

Inclusion Criteria: * Study design: Studies of any relevant design and in any language on the impact of complement-activating anti-HLA DSAs on long-term graft survival and/or the risk of rejection will be initially selected. * eligible studies: The eligible studies include all solid organ transplant patients (kidney, liver, lung, heart, and intestinal transplantation), both adult or paediatric patients. * Measurement: Anti-HLA DSAs detect by the single antigen Luminex bead technique (SAB) will be required for the DSA detection technique. Complement-activating anti-HLA DSAs will be defined according to their ability to bind C1q, C3d, and C4d or their IgG3 subclass. Exclusion Criteria: * Animal studies * Ex vivo studies * Methodological studies