Ketamine for Acute Painful Crisis in Sickle Cell Disease Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Known diagnosis of SCD based on sickle cell tests and hemoglobin electrophoresis. * Age 18 to 60 years * Acute onset of painful crises, defined as having an onset within 7 days Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy * Breast-feeding * Altered mental status * Body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2 * Patients with significant neurological disease * Seizures * Acute head injury * Acute eye injury * Patients with high intra-cranial tension * Patients with known psychiatric disorders * Patients with significant cardiac diseases * Arrhythmias * Patients with significant pulmonary diseases rather than acute chest syndrome * Patients with significant renal disease (BUN/creatinine ratio \< 25) * Patients with significant hepatic disease (Child Pugh class B or C) * Patients with significant endocrine disease * Known allergy to phencyclidine derivatives * Known allergy to ketamine * Known allergy to morphine * Sepsis * Septic shock * Patients required circulatory support * Patients required ventilatory supports * Alcohol abuse * Drug abuse * Patients with chronic pain status unrelated to SCD * Patients receiving anti-convulsant medications * Patients receiving anti-psychiatric medications. * Patients with communication barriers.