Sarcopenia Prevention With a Targeted Exercise and Protein Supplementation Program

Inclusion Criteria: * At least 1 of 5 frailty criteria, definition by Linda Fried: 1) weight loss of \> 4.5 kg in the last 12 months; 2) reduced grip strength in Martin Vigorimeter test: ♂ ≤ 64 kPa, ♀ ≤ 42 kPa; 3) standardized question on exhaustion as published by Fried et al.; 4) gait speed \< 1 m/s; 5) 6-minute walk test \< 300 meters and/or Injurious (any injury) low trauma fall in the last 12 months prior to enrollment * Reduced protein intake defined as a score ≤ 0.5 at item K of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) * Community-dwelling or assisted living Exclusion Criteria: * Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) \< 24 (inability to follow the study procedures and give written informed consent) * Inability to come to the trial centers * Inability to walk at least 3 meters with or without walking aid * Severe kidney impairment (Glomerular filtration rate \[GFR\] \< 30 ml/min) * Inability to follow exercise instruction or inability to take protein powder mixed in drink or food (test at baseline screening examination) * Severe gait impairment or diseases with a risk of recurrent falling (due to conditions such as, e.g. Parkinson's disease/syndrome, Hemiplegia after stroke, symptomatic stenosis of the spinal canal, polyneuropathy, epilepsy, recurring vertigo, recurring syncope) * Major visual or hearing impairment or other serious illness that would preclude participation (e.g. alcohol abuse, alcoholic disease) * Inability to read/speak/write in German (necessary to fol…