Watering eyes (epiphora) is a very common ophthalmic condition. It is frequently caused by dysfunction of the lacrimal (tear) drainage system which is the 'pipework' that takes tears from the eye to the nasal cavity. If the system is completely blocked then the patient is offered surgery to unblock or bypass the obstruction. However, the system is often either partially obstructed, or there is tear drainage delay despite there being no apparent obstruction (functional obstruction). Currently this is investigated with two separate scans, conducted at different times in different departments (CT and nuclear medicine). These are dacryocystography (DCG) and dacryoscintigraphy (DSG) and both are required as they have different limitations and benefits. Moreover DCG is a CT scan that uses radiation. Functional magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MR DCG) is increasingly widely used in other fields of medicine (e.g. cardiology) because of the increasing acquisition speed and resolution of MRI scanners in recent years. The investigators anticipate functional MRI of the lacrimal drainage system (i.e. scanning as eye drops are instilled and pass down the system) will overcome the shortcomings of DCG and DSG, by simultaneously providing both good anatomical detail and physiological images. Various methods of MR DCG have been described in the literature and there is no standard protocol for this procedure as of current. In this study, the investigators aim to develop a protocol for MR DCG that can be used in routine radiological practice in place of DCG and DSG and get pilot data on tear drainage in participants with known delayed tear drainage and controls with normal tear drainage systems.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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A protocol for functional MRI scanning
Timeframe: 60 minutes. This is a feasibility study in which participants are seen on one occasion and have one MRI scan which is expected to take around 60 minutes