Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Stage IIB-IIC Melanoma That Can Be Removed by Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must have completely resected (as per standard of care) melanoma of cutaneous origin in order to be eligible for this study; patients must be classified as stage IIB or IIC cutaneous melanoma using the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition; patients with melanoma of mucosal or other non-cutaneous origin are not eligible; patients with melanoma of ocular origin are not eligible * Patients must have a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy or undergo a failed attempt at sentinel lymph node biopsy including lymphoscintography which fails to show a sentinel lymph node from the melanoma primary site * Patients must have systemic cross-sectional imaging (positron emission tomography \[PET\]/computed tomography \[CT\] or CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis) which shows no evidence of metastatic disease * Patient must be able to comprehend and sign a written informed consent and be willing to comply with all study procedures * Patients must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500 microliter (mcL) * Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL * Hemoglobin \>= 10 g/dL * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) (except Gilbert's syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin \< 3.0 mg/dL) * Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\]) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) and alk…