Non-Opiate Treatment After Prenatal Opiate Exposure to Prevent Postnatal Injury to the Young Brain

Inclusion Criteria: * Gestational age (GA) \> or equal to 35 weeks * Known prenatal opiate exposure (by mother admitting use, mom with positive opiate screen during pregnancy, or positive neonatal urine and meconium screening) * No known prenatal cocaine exposure * No morphine or clonidine dose before enrollment * Symptomatic with Finnegan scores (FS): 3 consecutive scores greater than or equal to 8, OR 2 consecutive scores greater than or equal to 12, and/or with attending decision to treat for NAS * Less than or equal to 7 days of age * Attending physician decides to start pharmacologic treatment and agrees to infant's study participation Exclusion Criteria: * Seizures * Major congenital malformations * Blood pressure instability * Major medical condition in addition to NAS * Parents unable to understand English