Lidocaine as an Endotracheal Tube (ETT) Cuff Media

Patients who meet the inclusion criteria below and are expected to require ventilatory support for a period of less than 5 hours post-operatively in the cardiac ICU will be enrolled. Inclusion Criteria: * All patients \> 18 years of age (male and female) who will receive general anesthesia for cardiac surgery at St. Mary's Hospital (SMH) in Rochester, Minnesota * Cardiac surgery includes: single valve repair, myectomy, cabbage, pericardectomy. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III Exclusion Criteria: * Age \< 18 years old at time of surgery * Patients who are not sent to the cardiac ICU post-operatively * Patients who are anticipated to have a difficult tracheal intubation * Patients having risk factors of postoperative aspiration of gastric contents * Patients who have respiratory disease or recent respiratory tract infection * \> 1 attempt to secure an airway * Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures or any form of "robotic" procedures