This study investigates the remediation of black-stained tooth surfaces using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. In this crossover trial, a cohort of patients received standard dental prophylactic cleaning to remove the black stain. Later, following the washout period, (reappearance of the black stain) received photodynamic therapy in addition to the standard cleaning. Stain-free period in each of the arms was the main outcome variable. Additional microbial plaque testing was also carried out.
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Restoration period
Timeframe: The period of time required for the restoration of the black stain to pre-cleaning levels will be determined by measurements carried out during Weeks 18-24, post-application of each treatment arm