Treating Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria

Inclusion Criteria: * Peripheral P. falciparum parasitemia of any density * Blantyre Coma Score ≤2 * No evidence of meningitis on lumbar puncture * Consciousness not regained after correction of hypoglycemia (if hypoglycemia is present) * Male or female whose age on the day of screening is between 6 months and 12 years old * Severely increased brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging * Provision of consent by guardian * Willingness to return for 1, 6, and 12 month post-randomization follow-up visits Exclusion Criteria: * Gross malnutrition as evidenced by peripheral edema, hair color changes, or severe wasting * Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease - defined as known HIV positive status and evidence of severe wasting * Evidence of recent head trauma by history or physical examination * Pneumonia as evidenced by oxygen saturation on room air of \<85% * Gastroenteritis and shock as evidenced by capillary refill \>3 seconds or skin tenting