This study is divided into two parts: * The first part evaluates the acute effect of non-pharmacological heart rate change on central hemodynamic parameters noninvasively in sick sinus syndrome patients with a permanent cardiac pacemaker * The second part evaluates the acute effects of atenolol, nebivolol and ivabradine on central hemodynamic parameters noninvasively in sick sinus syndrome patients with a permanent cardiac pacemaker at different pacing rate levels
Age range
18 Years – 75 Years
Sex
ALL
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
First part of the study: central systolic blood pressure
Timeframe: 3 minutes after heart rate change
Second part of the study: systolic blood pressure amplification
Timeframe: 3 hours after drug administration and 3 minutes after heart rate change