Study of Eating Patterns With a Smartphone App and the Effects of Time Restricted Feeding in the Metabolic Syndrome

Key inclusion criteria for both observation and intervention phases (Part 1+2): * Age ≥ 12 years * Body mass index ≥ 20 kg/m2 and stable weight (previous 3 months) in adults; BMI ≥ 25th percentile in teenagers * Smartphone compatible with the app (iOS or Android systems) Additional inclusion criteria for the intervention phase (Part 2): * Any component of the metabolic syndrome following the International Diabetes Federation consensus definition * Eating duration \>14h during the observation phase Additional inclusion criteria for the mechanistic study (Part 3): * Age 18-40 years, men and pre-menopausal women * BMI 30-40 kg/m2 * In the fasting state (at least 8 hours) Key exclusion criteria for both observation and intervention phases (Part 1+2): * Pregnant and breastfeeding women, plans for maternity during the study * Major illness/fever over the previous month, active cancer * Eating disorder, on a diet / weight management, prior bariatric surgery * Major mental illness, unable to give informed consent * Current shift work or travel abroad planned in the next month Additional exclusion criteria for the intervention phase (Part 2): * Prior cardiovascular event * Major liver, gastrointestinal, renal or endocrine disorder, diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemic drug(s) * Major sleep disorder, centrally acting medication * Lipid lowering drug, hypoglycemic drug, medication affecting the gut Additional exclusion criteria for the mechanistic study (Part 3): * Impaired gl…