The Effect of Corticotomy in En-mass Retraction

Inclusion Criteria: * On the basis of the diagnosis of the malocclusion, individuals who have Class I and Class II malocclusions and requiring extraction of premolars and retraction of anterior teeth will be selected (maxillary/mandibular or both). * Good oral hygiene, healthy gingiva and no evidence of bone loss as seen in radiograph. * Healthy systemic conditions. * No previous orthodontic treatment. * Patient needs to be in permanent dentition (hence, we need to define their age range). Exclusion Criteria: * Patient with systemic disease. * Patient having any signs of active periodontal disease. * Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. * Persons taking medications that slows down bone metabolism. * Craniofacial anomalies.