Using Less Neurotoxic Drugs in Patients With HAND (MARAND-X)

Inclusion Criteria: * Age above \>18 years; * Confirmed HIV-positivity; * Diagnosed with HAND according to the Frascati Criteria; * On combination antiretroviral treatment; * No evidence of major resistance associated mutations on previous plasma or CSF samples; * Plasma HIV RNA \<50 copies/mL; * CSF HIV RNA \<50 copies/mL; * R5-tropic virus as detected by a genotype or phenotype based test before starting HAART or genotype-based test performed on HIV DNA in the previous 12 months; Exclusion Criteria: * the use of drugs having major drug-to-drug interaction with maraviroc (for instance rifampicin); * the use of efavirenz- or darunavir-containing regimens at baseline; * confounding comorbidities that may influence or affect the diagnosis of HAND including developmental disability, history of traumatic brain injury or of cerebrovascular accident; * a previous diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic, autoimmune, neurodegenerative or neoplastic disease; * severe untreated depression; * active alcohol or recreational substance abuse (in the previous 3 months); * not fluent in Italian or unable to complete the neurocognitive tests.