PCR Based Detection of Azole Resistance in A. Fumigatus to Improve Patient Outcome.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient with underlying hematological disease * Patient will undergo/underwent BAL sampling for suspected invasive fungal infection * BAL samples should be submitted to the local microbiology lab for fungal culture and for galactomannan detection. * The treating physician is planning to start voriconazole, isavuconazole or posaconazole after the BAL has been sampled while waiting for the culture or PCR results of the BAL sample or has already started voriconazole or posaconazole before BAL sampling. Exclusion Criteria: * A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: * Antifungal therapy was started \>120hours prior to BAL sampling (\*) * Antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole or voriconazole for \>5 days within the 2 weeks preceding BAL sampling * Antifungal prophylaxis with itraconazole and at least half of the plasma itraconazole/hydroxy-itraconazole levels that were measured through therapeutic drug monitoring were above the minimum effective plasma concentration of 0.5mg/L (parental compound only, HLPC assay method). The minimum effective plasma concentration of 0.5mg/L for itraconazole has been established by the ECIL 6 meeting with a recommendation AII. (\*) Patients that develop new pulmonary infiltrates during antifungal prophylaxis (systemic azoles or aerosolized amphotericin B) can be included.