Improving Pain and Reducing Opioid Use (IPaRO) in Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Eligible participants will be English-speaking adults who are presenting to a spine surgeon (orthopaedic or neurosurgeon) for surgical treatment of a lumbar degenerative condition (spinal stenosis, spondylosis with or without myelopathy, and degenerative spondylolisthesis) using laminectomy with or without arthrodesis (i.e. fusion). Exclusion Criteria: * A microsurgical technique as the primary procedure, such as an isolated laminotomy or microdiscectomy. * Spinal deformity as the primary indication for surgery. * Spine surgery secondary to pseudarthrosis, trauma, infection, or tumor. * Back and/or lower extremity pain \< 3 months indicating no history of sub-acute or chronic pain. * History of neurological disorder or disease, resulting in moderate to severe movement dysfunction. * Presence of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. * Patient refusal to participate. * Known allergic reactions to any of the study medications * Surgery under a workman's compensation claim. * Not able to return to clinic for standard follow-up visits with surgeon. * Unable to provide a stable address and access to a telephone.