A Study of Effects of Age and Hyperkyphosis on Spine Motion and Loading

No exclusion criteria shall be based on race, ethnicity, or sex. Inclusion Criteria (Non-patient group): * Males and females, ages 18 - 40 years * Able to perform activities such as walking, standing, sitting, bending or lifting without assistance * Willing to sign informed consent form Exclusion Criteria (Non-patient group): • Conditions that might alter thoracic biomechanics: Examples of these include scoliosis, a history of traumatic thoracic injury or spinal surgery, neuromuscular conditions such as Parkinson's disease or muscular dystrophy. * Body mass index \> 30 kg/m2 * Pregnancy * Latex allergies * Currently taking muscle relaxers, steroids, or narcotics * Participation in another research study with radiation exposure * Previous exposure to radiation as part of a medical procedure in the past six months * Musculoskeletal injury or condition that is currently affecting normal activity or movement. Examples of this could include sprains, strains, dislocations or fractures that prevent one from walking, standing, sitting, bending or lifting in a normal manner. Inclusion Criteria (Patient group): * Males and females, ages 75 years and older. * Patients who received a lateral thoracic spine x-ray and had a diagnosis of a vertebral fracture (ICD9 - 805.2) in the year 2011 or later. * At least 6 months since diagnosis of vertebral fracture. * Measurable T4-T12 Cobb angle in lateral thoracic spine x-ray. * Currently living in the Boston area. * Able to perform activit…