Stopped: After a reliability pilot, main study stopped due to unrelated clinic closure.
Infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) display postural and functional asymmetry that interferes with their development. The use of the Perception-Action Approach (P-AA) intervention in infants with CMT is supported by a single case report and needs to be researched further to determine its efficacy. This study will investigate the immediate effects of the P-AA intervention on habitual head deviation from midline, active head rotation range of motion, and functional use of both sides of the body in infants with CMT. The participants will be 3 infants with CMT, aged birth to 9 months. A randomized, nonconcurrent A-B multiple baseline design across subjects will be used. The intervention phase will include 5 daily PT sessions, with outcome data collected at the end of each session. It is hypothesized that improvements on all outcome measures will be documented upon the initiation of the P-A Approach intervention, with the most substantial change expected in habitual head deviation from midline measured by still photography.
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Still Photography
Timeframe: Up to 12 days (assessed at every baseline session and at the end of every intervention session for a total of 10, 11 or 12 sessions, depending on the length of the baseline phase)
Arthrodial Goniometry
Timeframe: Up to 12 days (assessed at every baseline session and at the end of every intervention session for a total of 10, 11 or 12 sessions, depending on the length of the baseline phase)
Functional Symmetry Observation Scale (FSOS)
Timeframe: Up to 12 days (assessed at every baseline session and at the end of every intervention session for a total of 10, 11 or 12 sessions, depending on the length of the baseline phase)