A randomized clinical trial comparing sequential nephron blockage (SNB) with dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAAS) plus bisoprolol (DBB) in the treatment of resistant arterial hypertension (RH) was designed to investigate the importance of the SNB and the contribution of its volume component versus DBB and the importance of the serum renin in maintaining BP levels. This randomized trial with two treatment arms could help tailor therapy by identifying a more effective choice to control hypertension whether by acting on the control of volume or sodium balance, or by acting on the effects of the RAAS on the kidney. Methods - Participants: 80 patients undergoing treatment for RH with losartan (100-200 mg), chlorthalidone (25 mg), and amlodipine (5 mg) will be randomly divided into two groups after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group 1: Sequential nephron blockade (SNB Group) n = 40 Group 2: Dual blockade of the RAAS plus bisoprolol (DBB Group) n = 40 Intervention: SNB consists in a progressive increase in sodium depletion. After the administration of a thiazide diuretic (chlorthalidone) and aldosterone receptor blocker, low doses of furosemide are administered and subsequently amiloride is prescribed to enhance the natriuretic effect. The dual blockade of the RAAS plus bisoprolol is used to increase the effect of angiotensin receptor 1 blockers (ARBs). Therapy then requires sequentially adding an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce the levels of angiotensin (Ang) II resulting from blockage of the Ang II receptor and then to administer a beta-blocker to decrease the elevated renin secretion due to both the ACE inhibitors and ARBs Objective: This study, which compares two antihypertensive treatment regimens in patients with RH, has the following objectives: to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of SNB against DBB in RH patients, and to assess the side effects and adherence to treatment over 20 weeks of treatment. Enrollment: The eligibility criteria will follow those shown in the flowchart for the diagnosis of RH of the First Brazilian Position on RH. Patients will be excluded if they have: chronic renal failure, atrial fibrillation/atrioventricular block, contraindication to the drugs that will be used, refusal or failure to follow the regimen and secondary hypertension. Follow-up: Patients will be analyzed in five visits at intervals of 28 days for 20 weeks
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Reduction of Systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP and pulse pressure levels will be used to compare sequential nephron blockade versus dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plus bisoprolol
Timeframe: Twenty weeks