Identification of Molecular Defects in Idiopathic Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 or over. * Haemoglobin \<11 g/dl and/or a polynuclear neutrophil count \<1.5.109/L and/or a platelet count \<100.109/L * Full clinical biochemistry/haematological profiling: complete blood count, blood smear, reticulocyte count, iron status, folates, B12, TSH, creatinine, liver enzymes, ANAs, rheumatoid factor, anticardiolipin antibodies, Coombs test, EPO assay, serological tests for HIV, HVB and HVC. * Availability of a bone marrow differential cell count and an evaluation of myelopoiesis disorders (number of lineages, percentage of cells affected, etc.) plus Perls staining. * Availability of a cytogenetic analysis. * Voluntary provision of written, informed consent * Life expectancy \>6 months * Social security coverage Exclusion Criteria: * An obvious cause of anaemia (if isolated): iron deficiency, chronic kidney failure (clearance \<60 ml/min), regenerative anaemia (reticulocytes \>150G/L) * Vitamin B12 or B9 deficiency * Hepatomegaly, or clinical and/or ultrasound signs of portal hypertension * Clinical and/or ultrasound signs of splenomegaly * Abnormal liver enzyme levels: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatases or transaminases \> 1.5N; gammaGT \> 2N. A history of (or diagnostic criteria during screening) auto-immune diseases such as systemic erythematous lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome or Evans syndrome. * An abnormal bone marrow differential cell count * A bone marrow karyotype revealing MDS * Medical, psychological or social conditio…