A Prospective Investigation of the Risks of Opioid Misuse, Abuse, and Addiction Among Patients Treated With Opioids for the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Eligibility Criteria for the Prospective Study Inclusion Criteria: * Initiation\* of ER/LA opioid therapy that includes 28+ days of an ER/LA followed by a subsequent ER/LA prescription (ER/LA initiators) or initiation\*\* of long-term opioid therapy (LtOT - 90+ days of use) with ER/LA and/or Schedule II IR/SA opioids (LtOT initiators). * Age 18-79 years at incident prescription * Enrolled in the health plan (HCSRN sites) or regularly receiving care in the health system (VA and PBRNs) for at least 12 months prior to incident use of opioids * Ability to complete interview/self-administered questionnaires in English * Willing and able to provide informed consent * Initiation or new use of ER/LA therapy defined as no ER/LA opioid use in the prior six-months \*\* Initiation or new LtOT use defined as no ER/LA or Schedule II IR/SA opioid use in the prior six-months Exclusion Criteria: * Not using an ER/LA or Schedule II IR/SA opioid at the time of recruitment or first interview (self-report) * Cognitive impairment that interferes with the ability to consent or participate in the interview * Unavailable for 12 months of follow-up (self-report) * Receiving hospice care (EHR and recruitment screening) * Diagnosis of a terminal illness in the prior 12 months per chart review or recruitment screening * Existing opioid use disorder (ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes) * Medication assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine (self-report) Eligibility Criteria - Cross Sectiona…