Adavosertib Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Advanced High Grade Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with presumed advanced-stage high grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma, based on the presence of carcinomatosis, and/or elevated cancer antigen (CA)125, and/or ovarian mass(es), or at the discretion of the treating physician * Medically able to undergo primary cytoreductive surgery, at least 13 days and up to 28 days after starting study drug, as determined by treating physician * No prior therapy for high-grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma * Patients must be able to swallow and tolerate oral medications and not have gastrointestinal illnesses that would preclude absorption of AZD1775 (e.g. uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; malabsorption syndrome; ulcerative disease); Note: patient may not have a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube or be receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL (within 7 days prior to initiation of therapy) * Hemoglobin \>= 9 gm/dL (within 7 days prior to initiation of therapy) * Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL (within 7 days prior to initiation of therapy) * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 7 days prior to initiation of therapy) * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 2.5 x upper limit of normal unless the liver is involved with tumor, in that case, AST and ALT must be =\< 5 x upper limit of normal (within 7 days prior to initiation of ther…