Liposome-encapsulated Daunorubicin-Cytarabine, Fludarabine Phosphate, Cytarabine, and Filgrastim in Treating Younger Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must have had histologic verification of AML at original diagnosis * Patient must have one of the following: * Recurrent disease with \>= 5% blasts in the bone marrow (M2/M3 bone marrow), with or without extramedullary disease. * Recurrent disease with an absolute blast count greater than 1,000 per microliter in the peripheral blood with or without extramedullary disease * To be eligible for the dose-finding phase: (the dose-finding phase completed in 12/2016) * Relapsed patients * Patients must be in first relapse, and * Patients must not have received prior re-induction therapy * Refractory patients * Patients must not have received more than one attempt at remission induction, which may consist of up to two different therapy courses; Children Oncology Group (COG) AAML1031 de novo therapy including induction I and induction II is an example * Treatment-related AML (t-AML) * Patients must be previously untreated for secondary AML * To be eligible for the phase 2 efficacy phase: * Relapse patients: * Patients must be in first marrow relapse, and * Patients must not have received prior re-induction therapy; donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is considered a re-induction attempt * Patients must have the status of CNS1 or CNS2 only, and no clinical signs or neurologic symptoms suggestive of CNS leukemia, such as cranial palsy * Patients must have a performance status corresponding to an Eastern Cooperative O…