Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been considered as the first-line choice for the management of \>20mm kidney stones. The traditional nephrostomy tract of PNL was dilated to 24-30F, which is referred to as "Standard-PCNL". Standard PNL has an ideal stones free rate (SFR), however, at the cost of severe morbidity. To decrease the disadvantages related to standard PNL, "mini-perc" or "mini-PCNL", 20F or less, was first introduced to pediatric procedure in 1997, and subsequently implemented in adults with the expectation of similar SFR and low morbidity in the past twenty years. Although abundant efforts have been done, whether mini-perc outweigh standard-PNL for the treatment of \>20mm calculis in terms of efficiency and safety remains controversial. To solve this problem, we performed this multicenter, parallel, open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT).
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Stone free rate (SFR)
Timeframe: 1 month after removing the pigtail stent