J-Pouch vs Side-to-End Anastomosis After Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * patients with rectal cancer which is located up to 12 cm from the dentate line observed with a rigid rectosigmoidoscope Exclusion Criteria: * refusal of the patient to participate * pregnancy, * previous radiation therapy, * those have cancers other than adenocarcinoma, * those planned to have local excision or abdominoperineal resection