Comparing Ultrasound Guided PICC Line Insertion in Neonates With Standard Procedure

Plain-language summary

This is a randomized controlled study comparing US guided vs standard procedure for PICC line placement in newborns admitted to Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Neonatal Intensive Care Unit who require a PICC line. Patients will be randomized using REDCap randomization module (stratified by gestational age \< 28 weeks and \>= 28 weeks and blocked to ensure approximate balance with each stratum) into two arms. - Arm 1: PICC line insertion procedure using anatomical landmarks and tip placement will be confirmed by X-ray (current standard); Arm 2: US guided PICC line insertion procedure and tip placement confirmation by both US and X-ray. Sample size of 33 infants per group would achieve greater than 80% power to detect a difference between groups. Primary outcome: Time to complete the standard versus the US-guided procedure. Secondary outcomes (comparison between two arms): The number of total "venipuncture" attempts needed to place a PICC line Number of tip manipulations after complete insertion Proportion of successful tip placement

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