Plasma of Argon Cleaning on Implant Abutments: 5-year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged 18 years or older, previously treated for periodontal disease according to a comprehensive treatment strategy,25 requiring a single implant-supported restoration in the anterior maxilla or premolar region with the presence of mesial and distal tooth. * Bone crest allowing the insertion of a 4 mm platform implant without further bone augmentation procedures and with thin (≤ 1 mm) gingival biotype, measured by previously reported protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * no relevant medical conditions; * non-smoker or smoking ≤ 10 cigarettes/day; * plaque Index and bleeding on probing ≤ 25 %; * impossibility of follow-up for 5 years after prosthetic loading; * pregnant and lactating patients; * patients with a history of bisphosphonate therapy; * presence of sites with acute infections.