SurVaxM Vaccine Therapy and Temozolomide in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Have a Karnofsky performance status \>= 70 (i.e. the patient must be able to care for himself/herself with occasional help from others) * Documented survivin-positive tumor status * Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); or World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV \[gliosarcoma\] * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1.5 x 10\^9/L * Platelets \>= 100 x 10\^9/L * Hemoglobin (Hgb) \> 9.0 g/dL * Serum total bilirubin: =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 4.0 x ULN * Patients on full-dose anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin or low molecular weight \[LMW\] heparin) must meet the following criteria: * No active bleeding or pathological condition that carries a high risk of bleeding (e.g., tumor involving major vessels or known varices) * Creatinine =\< 1.8 mg/dl * Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A\*02, HLA-A\*03, HLA-A\*11 or HLA-A\*24 positive patients * No evidence of progressive disease from the postoperative period to the post-chemoradiation period, based on changes in the neurologic exam, steroid use, or evident radiographic progression, according to RANO criteria; Patients with increased or new gadolinium enhancement may continue on protocol if in the investigator's judgment that enhancement is likely due to pseuodoprogresion. The use of correlative imaging studies (including PWI) or diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and repeat imaging after an interval o…