TNFα and MFG-E8: Novel Biomarkers to Predict Implantation Failure

Inclusion Criteria: * women 21-35y * with no contraindication to pregnancy * on no hormonal contraception * normal uterine cavity * absence of hydrosalpinges * normal ovarian reserve (FSH\<13 mIU/.ml or AMH\>1 ng/ml or normal antral follicular count\>10 total follicles \<10 mm in diameter, American Society for Reproductive Medicine-ASRM 2012). * Three groups of patients will be enrolled: 10 fertile controls (C1-10: women who are participating in the donor egg program as egg donors), 10 with unexplained implantation failure (IF1-10: patients who have failed IVF cycles -failure of implantation following 2 or more cycles with transfer of embryos of good quality-at least 2 cleaving embryos with 6-8 cells, grades 1- 3 (scale 1-highest and 5-poorest morphology score), and normal uterus, and 10 with recurrent unexplained first trimester miscarriages (RM1-10: 2 consecutive miscarriages under 10 weeks, after spontaneous or IVF conceptions). Exclusion Criteria: * contraindication to pregnancy * use of hormonal contraception * abnormal uterine cavity * hydrosalpinges * abnormal karyotype. * women who are pregnant or planning to get pregnant in the cycle in which they are participating in this study * women who have had a hysterectomy (previous removal of your uterus) * have a current medical condition, which, in the opinion of the investigator, would result in hazards to the subject, should she participate in the study or have a current medical condition which would potentially confo…