Prevention of Venous Obstruction After Implantation of Cardiac Pacemaker and Defibrillator

Inclusion Criteria: * patients who referred for first implantation of pacemaker, implantable cardiac defibrillator, or cardiac re synchronization therapy device Exclusion Criteria: * history of malignancy * history of coagulopathy or platelet disorder * history of venous thromboembolism * history of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or active gastroduodenal ulcer in past 6 months * history of chronic kidney disorder or serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dl * patients who are on anticoagulant or other antithrombotic drugs or who must be on dual antiplatelet therapy.