Head Start Classroom-based Approaches and Resources for Emotion and Social Skill Promotion (Head Start CARES)

Inclusion Criteria: * Grantees had to have at least 4 centers with a similar racial/ethnic composition * An equal number of classrooms with full-day or part-day programs * And a similar mix of four-year-old-only and mixed-age (three-and four-year-old) classrooms. * Children had to speak English and Spanish. Exclusion Criteria: * A grantee was excluded from the sample if it: only ran early Head Start programs * Only served migrant children * Was located in a U.S. territory * Only or mostly provided family child care or home services * Was more than 100 miles from a "primary airport," * Operated fewer than 4 centers with two classrooms each * Had been in operation for less than 2 years * Was not in compliance with Head Start Standards * They were already systematically implementing a social-emotional curriculum or participating in another evaluation study.