Embolization of Large Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunts for the Prevention of Post-TIPS Hepatic Encephalopathy

Inclusion Criteria: * Signed written informed consent * Dignosis of liver cirrhosis (clinical or by liver biopsy) * Admission due to variceal bleeding occurred 5 to 42 days prior and standard treatment for secondary prophylaxis failed * Confirmed spontaneous portosystemic shunts in abdominal imagings * Sum of targeted spontaneous portosystemic shunts diameters greater than half the diameter of portal vein Exclusion Criteria: * Hepatic carcinoma and/or other malignancy diseases * Portal vein thrombosis (≥50% of the lumen) * Budd-Chiari syndrome * Child-Pugh score\>13 points * Sepsis * Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis * Uncontrollable hypertension * Serious cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction * Renal failure * With TIPS contraindications * Spontaneous recurrent hepatic encephalopathy * Previous TIPS or collateral embolization * Pregnancy or breast-feeding * History of liver transplantation