Be Sweet to Toddlers: Does Sugar Water Reduce Pain During Blood Work?

Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged 12-36 months, inclusive * Children who are patients at CHEO in the 4 East/West or 5 East wards (and overflow unit, when applicable), and the Medical Day Unit * Children who require venipuncture for the purpose of medically required venous blood sampling * With the exception of the age criteria, children who are eligible to receive sucrose as per the Sucrose CHEO policy for infants * Children who have their venipuncture performed by hospital-employed phlebotomists or registered nurses (to ensure standardization of the blood collection procedure) * Parents/guardians and children must also be able to understand English or French Exclusion Criteria: * Children who have received a muscle relaxant, opioid analgesic or sedative in the past 24 hours (to ensure there is no interaction effect of these medications which may impact on toddlers' ability to mount a behavioral response to pain) * Children who are ineligible to receive sucrose as per the Sucrose CHEO policy * Children who are already consuming sweet fluids or foods, or if the mother wishes to breast feed during the procedure will also be excluded * Children with known or suspected fructose intolerance