Treatment of Type I Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) With Pentoxyfylline

Inclusion Criteria: * Hospitalized patients with acute or chronic liver disease * Type I HRS * Aged greater than or equal to 18 * Non-pregnant Exclusion Criteria: * Allergy or hypersensitivity to PTX or intolerance to methylxanthines (e.g. caffeine, theophylline) * Concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs * Age less than 18 * Pregnancy * Uncontrolled bacterial infection * Renal parenchymal disease (e.g. acute tubular necrosis, glomerular disease, interstitial nephritis and urinary obstruction) * Shock * TNF alpha antagonist use * Subject is institutionalized or a prisoner * Recent cerebral or retinal hemorrhage (contraindication to PTX) * Severe or poorly controlled cardiovascular disease as determined by the principal investigator to hinder the ability to adhere to study protocols