The investigators aim to definitively show if human myocardium can be remotely preconditioned. In the writings there are no experiments that would prove that the remote preconditioning protocol effects on the higher protection of the human myocardial cells, against the ischemia-reperfusion injury. 120 patients referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure with use of cardiopulmonary bypass are planned will be included to the research. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to one of two groups: remote preconditioning or "placebo" intervention. On the day of surgery, after induction of anesthesia remote preconditioning will be elicited by 3 cycles of 5min inflation (ischemia) and 5 min deflation (reperfusion) of blood pressure cuff on the right arm. In the control group the blood pressure cuff is going to be placed on the upper limb but the preconditioning protocol will not be carried out. On cannulation for CPB, right atrial appendage and myocardial biopsies of the left ventricular will be harvested. The investigators will study: (1) resistance of myocardium to hypoxia/reperfusion injury in in vitro experiments, assessed in isolated right atrial pectinate muscle trabeculae (2) induction of apoptosis and status of mitochondria in myocardium after the period of ischemia, and reperfusion in vitro (3) amount of myocardial necrosis in-vivo induced by period of ischemia and reperfusion during CABG as assessed by postoperative myocardial necrosis markers release (4) the systolic function of the myocardium at the postoperative and the kidney function in the postoperative period evaluated by the creatinine clearance; (5) induction of apoptosis and status of mitochondria in myocardium after the period of ischemia, and reperfusion during coronary artery bypass grafting, assessed in myocardial. There is going to be an ability to define does the remote preconditioning influence on the occurrence of apoptosis in the human myocardium in the in vivo conditions and does it influence on the postoperative course in patients undergoing cardiac surgery procedures. The investigators will try to study if remote preconditioning modify induction of apoptosis and its structure in response to injury. In case the effect of remote preconditioning is not measurable in ex-vivo assessment, the future attempt at implementing this phenomenon in clinical practice may be futile and should not be continued until the effect can be confirmed in controlled experimental setting.
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Troponin-T
Timeframe: 72 hours